Orchard Manager

News for 2010 is a new workbook with new sheets   It contains 1) DeployerA for deploying Swedish Norway spruce with related clones to a seed orchard using Solver with the option to weight three characters; 2) DeployerB for deploying Canadian black spruce related clones to a clonal mixture (but can be used for seed orchards) by Solver but linear deployment and truncation selection are in the sheet for comparison; 3) a published example (Lindgren et al 2008) of how to handle related clones in a seed orchard; 4) Optimisation of selective harvest.  This workbook does not contain Macros to make it more palatable to users. No workbook is yet in EXCEL2007 and most in EXCEL2003. The sheets are often depending on the EXCEL "solver" and problems with "solver" has occurred. The sheets are made for customers and specific purposes and may not be transparent and are requiring experience and understanding to apply to other situations. Sheets evolve and do not visit just one of them!

The main worksheet is ORCHARD_MANAGEMENT_2009.xls.

This program package is focused on predicting gain (breeding value) and status effective clone number (=group coancestry; gene diversity) depending on the number of clones used as seed parents and as pollen parents (they may be different or partly overlapping). The impact of genetic thinning and harvesting only the best clones can be studied. Pollen contamination is considered (both amount and genetic value). The clones may vary in fertility and the variance may be different for seeds and for pollen. Male and female fertility may be correlated. The impact of the number of clones can  be studied. Relatedness among clones and economics from the seed orchard managers point of view is handled. The number of clones was presented as a slide show at a meeting 2003. It has since when been developed into a paper (Lindgren and Prescher 2005).

A worksheet for studying different economic and genetic entries and evaluating the suitable age for first and last harvest in seed orchards as well as spacing of grafts  (Lindgren et al 2005, El-Kassaby et al 2007, Morigushi et al 2008, Prescher 2007).

For establishment or genetic thinning of clonal seed orchards by linear deployment the worksheets under the heading linear deployment are useful.

A previous version of ORCHARD_MANAGEMENT_2003.xls was issued 2003.

It may help understanding to train on some examples.

Version 2001 (Kyu-Suk Kang was instrumental) is kept mainly as it may be somewhat simpler.

Seed orchards produce both seeds and a high genetic quality. For deciding how to balance between this desiderata  a program (SeedBV) was developed in cooperation with Jianguo Cui  (Lindgren et al 2004).

There are Wikopedia articles about seed orchards in English and Swedish

Literature:
Bila, A.D. 2000. Fertility variation and its effects on gene diversity in forest tree populations. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae Sueciae. Silvestria 166. 31pp+4 chapters 
El-Kassaby YA, Prescher F & Lindgren D 2007. Advanced generation seed orchards’ turnover as affected by breeding advance, time to sexual maturity, and costs, with special reference to Pinus sylvestris in Sweden.  Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research 22:88-98.
Danusevicius D & Lindgren D 2008 "Strategies for optimal deployment of related clones into seed orchards" Silvae Genetica 57:119-127
Kang, K.S. 2001. Genetic gain and gene diversity of seed orchard crops Acta Universitatis Agriculturae Sueciae. Silvestria  187 75pp+ 11 chapters
Lindgren D, Cui J, Son S-G and Sonesson J 2004. Balancing seed yield and breeding value in clonal seed orchards. New Forests. 28: 11-22.
Lindgren D & Kang KS. 1997. Status number - a useful tool for tree breeding Research Report of the Forest Genetic Research Institute of Korea 33:154-165.               
Lindgren D & MullinTJ 1998. Relatedness and status number in seed orchard crops. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 28:276-283. 
Lindgren D and Prescher F 2005. Optimal clone number for seed orchards with tested clones. Silvae Genetica 54: 80-92.
Lindgren D, Prescher F, El-Kassaby YA, Almqvist C & Wennström U 2005. Considerations of timing and graft density of future Scots pine seed orchards.  In Fedorkov A (editor) Status, monitoring and targets for breeding programs. Proceedings of the meeting of Nordic forest tree breeders and forest geneticists, Syktyvkar 2005
Lindgren D & Danusevičius D 2008 Deployment of clones to seed orchards when candidates are related  In Lindgren D (editor) Proceedings of a Seed Orchard Conference, Umeå, Sweden, 26-28 September 2007: 135-141.
Lindgren D, Danusevičius D & Rosvall O 2009. Unequal deployment of clones to seed orchards by considering genetic gain, relatedness and gene diversity. Forestry 82:17-28.

Lindgren D, Danusevičius D & Rosvall O 2008. Balanced forest tree improvement can be enhanced by selecting among many parents but keeping balance among grandparents. Canadian Journal of Forest Research  38(11): 2797–2803.
Moriguchi Y, Prescher F & Lindgren D 2008.  Optimum lifetime for Swedish Picea abies seed orchards. New Forests 35:147-157.
Prescher F 2007 Seed Orchards – Genetic Considerations on Function, Management and Seed Procurement. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae Sueciae 2007:75.
Prescher F, Lindgren D & Karlsson B 2008. Genetic Thinning of Clonal Seed Orchards using Linear deployment may improve both gain and diversity. Forest Ecology and Management 254: 188-192.

This file was last edited by Dag Lindgren 09-12-13